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| Topic | Title | Author | Keywords | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Understanding bitumen | Spraypave Multistage Bitumen Converter | __ | A brief overview of this exciting new technology that is capable of modifying feedstock bitumen to produce multigrade bitumen, how it works and the results it achieves. What is multigrade bitumen and why is it so important to the industry? As with all new technology, there are also key learning points and future plans to be shared. | Download |
| Understanding bitumen | Process and Quality Control | __ | Sound HSE practices are essential in the handling of bitumen and bituminous products and this presentation gives us a good overview. Learn about safe and responsible handling of bitumen, hazards to watch for, procedures to follow, how to plan for transportation and storage, and how to carry out drum decanting successfully. Not forgetting quality control, you will also get the basics of the all-important sampling and testing procedures. | Download |
| Understanding bitumen | The Make Up of Bitumen | Jacques van Heerden | In this second presentation of the series, Jacques van Heerden continues with a definition of bitumen and explains classifications of bituminous binders and traditional bitumen testing. The meaning of rheology is clarified, and our understanding of bitumen improves with details of its chemistry, ageing and bitumen blowing. Readers will also discover that bitumen is a versatile product with many uses outside the asphalt industry. | Download |
| Understanding bitumen | The Origin and Manufacture of Bitumen | Jacques van Heerden | Jacques van Heerden takes us through all the background we need to know about bitumen. Starting with the history of bitumen including ancient uses and deposits, he brings us up to date with the sources, properties, composition and chemistry of crude oil, as well as an overview of crude oil exploration and refining. The presentation concludes with a synopsis of bitumen production in SA and the differences between bitumen and tar. | Download |
| Understanding bitumen | The Engineering Properties of Bitumen | Morne Labuschagne | For those who need a deeper understanding, it is all included in this detailed summary – versatility, water resistance, ductility, cohesion, adhesion, elastic recovery, softening point, penetration, temperature susceptibility, viscosity, oxidation, specific gravity and durability. | Download |
| Asphalt permeability | Introduction to Density of Asphalt Corelok vs Saturated Surface Dry | Tafadzwa Mafuma | Since void content has a direct bearing on asphalt performance, the reliability of void content determination methods is key. Tafadzwa Mafuma looks at findings by the CSIR and Much Asphalt to provide feedback on different methodologies. | Download |
| Asphalt permeability | Case Studies Highlighting Importance of Permeability of Asphalt Layers | Wim Hofsink | Moisture is the greatest enemy of any asphalt layer. This presentation talks to the paradigm shift that is needed in design thinking and budgeting to avoid moisture ingress, supported by relevant case studies. | Download |
| Asphalt permeability | Articulation of Bailey Method via the rational bailey ratios with dominant aggregate size range & binary aggregate packing for optimum aggregate packing in asphalt mix design | Dr Emile Horak | Dr Horak’s presentation explains the Bailey Method (BM) basis of packing analysis, the Dominant Aggregate Size Range (DASR) method and Binary Aggregate Packing (BAP) principles, and the integration of the three methods to improve aggregate packing efficiency in asphalt mix designs. | Download |
| Asphalt permeability | Permeability Testing: Standard and New Methods | Joanne Muller | The pros and cons of both standard and “new age” field and laboratory permeability testing methods. The author warns that an accurate void determination method is critical to high levels of correlation, no matter which tests you choose. | Download |
| Asphalt permeability | Implementing Probability Density Functions to Determine Air Voids and Permeability of Asphalt | Ané Cromhout | A step-by-step methodology using existing statistical concepts as a screening and analysis tool to determine asphalt permeability. This paper shows how you can let the data itself lead you to the answers by using simple statistical analysis tools. Report on trends and results such as deterioration, Weak spots and quality control in a visual manner that is easily understood. | Download |
| Nanotechnology | Introductory Principles of Nanotechnology | Wynand Steyn | If nanotechnology is new to you, this is a great A to Z explanation. You will get the background, definitions, FAQs, history, science and mythbusters. So what? asks the author. Application of nanotechnology can lead to advances in solving general road engineering problems, he concludes. Read on. | Download |
| Nanotechnology | Lab Testing, Methods & Equipment for NME Treated Materials | Nico Herbst | Nico shares Roadlab’s expertise in this field, starting with tests currently used to determine material properties before treatment/stabilization/modification, followed by the properties of Nano Modified Emulsion (NME) treated materials together with testing technologies and procedures. | Download |
| Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology In Asphalt | Herman Marais | Herman Marais provides a definition and discusses nanotechnologies in use and under development, as well as future opportunities. Of particular interest is the South African experience of nanotechnologies, including examples of studies conducted to date. | Download |
| Nanotechnology | Understanding Nanotechnology in Road Pavement Engineering | Prof Jordaan | What does “nanotechnology” mean? What are the problems we need to solve in a South African context? Prof Jordaan takes us from the basics of road pavement engineering and the mind shift required to move from conservative and expensive methodologies to exploring “new-age” nanotechnologies. This detailed presentation covers everything from current material design practices to recommendations for efficient and cost effective alternatives, together with project examples. | Download |
| Understanding Aggregates | Understanding Aggregates: A Practical Workshop | Robert Leyland | Find out how an understanding of the complex geological aspects of aggregates can help you meet the required specifications. Robert Leyland breaks the discussion down into rocks and minerals and the geology of South Africa. Then there are the specifications where geological aspects such as durability, strength, shape, water absorption and bitumen affinity of rock types all make a difference. This paper gets to the heart of the subject. | Download |
| Understanding Aggregates | Engineering Properties of Aggregates for Surfacing | Ray Bonser | Aggregate properties need to be clearly defined in terms of both specification and testing to ensure compliance. To support this, Ray Bonser reviews the relevant specifications including historic factors, the introduction of COLTO 1998, the Aspasa Exclusion Clauses, the current SANS 1083:2018 Edition 2.6 specification and proposed revisions to SANS 1083. The second part of his paper provides a detailed overview of the aggregate properties required and the all-important testing. | Download |
| Understanding Aggregates | Aggregate Storage and Quality Control | Colin Brooks | This presentation will give you the lowdown on methods for storing aggregate, techniques for moving aggregate, sampling techniques, moisture issues, and quality. The objective is to ensure consistency of material, minimising both moisture content and contamination. | Download |
| Understanding Aggregates | Quarry Drilling, Blasting and Crushing – A Systems Based Perspective | Dr Kenneth Basson | To optimize aggregate unit cost and quality, it is essential for quarries to adopt a systems based approach that considers all the independent variables influencing aggregate production, asserts Dr Basson. His paper covers the constraints and goals of every aspect of the process: drill and blast design, load and haul, crushing principals and crusher selection, and the screening process. | Download |
| Troubleshooting asphalt on granular bases | Troubleshooting Problems which occur in Asphalt Paved on Granular Bases | Johan Muller | Johan provides a detailed account, with focus on priming, tacking, selection of the right bonding agents, product comparisons and relevant r&d, quality assurance, and how to identify surfacing problems along the way. | Download |
| Troubleshooting asphalt on granular bases | Providing the Anvil for the Surfacing of a Pavement | Eduard Kleyn | Premature failure is a manmade phenomenon. For surfacing to perform properly, the G1 base needs to provide a well-knit aggregate mosaic. Kleyn works on the principle that mosaic particle interlock (density) = stability/strength. He makes success easy for the contractor by describing anomalies that must be avoided in preparing the base, and listing signs indicating that optimum interlock has been achieved. | Download |
| Troubleshooting asphalt on granular bases | Asphalt on Granular Bases | Dennis Tossmann (SANRAL) | Why the problems? What has changed? These are the questions Dennis asks and answers. Professional project management and quality engineering are essential to achieving the fundamentals of optimized compaction and limited saturation. A detailed account of what is good and what’s not. | Download |
| Troubleshooting asphalt on granular bases | Influence of Problematic Base Course Layers on the Construction and Performance of Asphalt Surfacing: A Contractors Perspective | Eben van Zyl | This presentation explains what you need to know about base course problems and how to avoid the pitfalls. Get a grip on whether its base course factors contributing to asphalt failure, or asphalt design aspects contributing to base course related failure. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Process Control and H&S of Modified Binders | Caroline Marais | Caroline Marais looks at the critical issues of quality control including heating of modified binders, tank management and handling, transportation hazards to watch out for, and HSE covering the effects of H2S exposure, prevention of emissions, bitumen safety, essential PPE and more. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Bitumen Modification: New Technology | Herman Marais | Herman Marais introduces emerging technologies in bitumen modification including polymer modification (PMB), crumb rubber, micro filler and nanotechnologies. He concludes that PMB is the most popular modifier with exciting future prospects, crumb rubber use is expected to increase as storage stability risks are reduced and new blends are developed, micro filler shows promise, and nanotechnologies will become less expensive with increased production. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Selection of Appropriate Modified Binders to Suit Various Applications | Georges Mturi | Georges Mturi points out that about 30% of bitumen used in asphalt in South Africa is modified. In this paper he discusses the context, typical additives used, guidelines and specifications, as well as selection and classification of additives. In addition to performance, Georges explores aspects such as storage, expertise required, availability of base binders and modifier, shelf life, blending and quality control. His rule of thumb - use locally available aggregate and bitumen sources and only use additives where normal binders are limited in performance. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Understanding Binder Modification/Manufacture of Modified Binders | __ | What are polymer modified bitumen and rubber modified binder? What do we achieve by modifying base bitumen? Get the answers and the detail on types of polymer modifiers, blending plants, production and mixing processes. Construction company Tau Pele shares its practical experience on what to expect and pitfalls to avoid. The presentation ends with a brief look to the future. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Why Modify? Understanding Binder Modification | __ | Binder modification has become the norm as the performance limits of conventional bitumen have been reached. The author believes practitioners need to understand all modifiers to provide the best match for each application. This presentation provides an overview of different modifiers available and how to use them to overcome different binder limitations. | Download |
| Understanding modified binders | Influencing Factors of the Base Bitumen on Modification | Johannes Lambert | Johannes Lambert covers all the bases in this detailed presentation, including the chemistry and refining of bitumen, classification and properties of bitumen binders, bitumen SARA, compatibility of bitumen and modifiers, and what to expect from rubber crumb and polymer modification. | Download |
| Winter seals | Maximising Sealwork | Steph Bredenhann | Steph Bredenhann summed up the Winter Seal Workshop held by SAT in April 2014 with some thoughts on the current scenario at the time and the way forward. For him the important steps in the success of winter seal applications include sharing of knowledge, planning, and attention to detail, bearing in mind that this is not an exact science. He also maps out a brief strategy for the future. | Download |
| Winter seals | Maximising Sealwork: Testing and Control | Dennis Rossmann | Dennis Rossmann drives home the importance of an advance QA plan to agree responsibilities and verify sampling procedures. He goes on to list tests envisaged for all sealing and the differences to be aware of for winter sealing. | Download |
| Winter seals | Binder Testing | Johan O’Connell | This presentation covers the essentials of binder testing in winter seals, with focus on the properties of cutback binders used in cold temperatures in South Africa, the rheological effects of adding paraffin, site testing including getting cutter quantities right, gas chromatography and mass loss. Also get the lowdown from Johan O’Connell on evaluating the curing rate of winter seals. | Download |
| Winter seals | Binder Selection for Winter Seals Based on Bitumen Bond Strength | Kim Jenkins | Kim Jenkins talks us through the key factors, including various test results that help practitioners to make informed decisions. The presentation touches on bitumen specifications and performance grading, BBS tests including adhesion/cohesion factors, hot applied binders versus emulsions, the influence of precoat, manufacturing temperature and more. Well informed decisions can be made when selecting materials for surface seals if BBS properties are known, Jenkins concludes. | Download |
| Winter seals | Maximise Sealwork Throughout The Year: Materials / QA / Specifications | __ | Workshop July 2014. The A to Z of sealing, starting with the history of specifications developed in SA and proposed changes. The presentation continues with aggregate and bituminous binder specs for seals, plant and equipment required, methodology, construction considerations such as early trafficking, aggregate spread rate and road surface temperature, and finally contractual issues on when to include a winter seal option and payment items for winter sealing. | Download |
| Winter seals | Winter Seal Experiments – Contractors View | Thomas Moolman | Group Five Civil Engineering participated in winter seal trials on the N14 Section 7 between Kathu and Kuruman in the Northern Cape Province and Section 8 between Kuruman and the North West Province border. Thomas Moolman shares the trial specifications as well as observations on the outcomes. He concludes that winter seal construction can be used in South Africa to ensure a continuous flow of road and road rehabilitation projects and reduce/spread the demand on the manufacture and supply of bitumen and surfacing aggregates. | Download |
| Winter seals | Winter Sealing – Supplier Perspectives | __ | A binder manufacturer discusses the impact of historic seasonal trends on availability of products and services, the characteristics of winter seal products, and issues around health, safety and the environment. | Download |
| Winter seals | Maximise Sealwork Throughout the Year – Workshop 1 | __ | All you need to know including current practices, international and South African trends and experience, embargos, different binders, feedback on stripping and cutters, and evaluation of both trial and existing winter seals. | Download |
| Winter seals | Maximise Sealwork Throughout the Year – Workshop 2 | __ | Find out what lessons can be learned from sealwork trials – from seal geometry to binder aggregate contact and adhesion, to temperature and micro-climates, to cutters, precoating and bond strength, base preparation and viscosity. Gerrie provides practical recommendations for asphalt practitioners. | Download |
| TRH 21 | Introduction – The use of Reclaimed Asphalt in the Production of Asphalt | Sasheen Rajkumar | Sasheen Rajkumar provides a global and local view, starting with a definition of RA and the historic context. He goes on to detail the asphalt recycling process, mix types, influencing factors, and issues around quality. What are the environmental and economic benefits and, importantly, the regulations around ownership and disposal of RA? | Download |
| TRH 21 | Use of Reclaimed Asphalt in the Production of Asphalt. Mixing Plant Requirements. | Herman Marais | There are various mixing plants with different capabilities that can be used for asphalt mixes incorporating RA, as well as recycling batch plants. Herman Marais provides the information you will need. While the same basic types of mixing plants are used, modifications are required, and standard plants should not be used to produce asphalt with high RA content. | Download |
| TRH 21 | The Use of RA In Asphalt Production Mix Design | Wynand Nortje | How to design a mix using RA – this paper has it all. Learn about mix selection from types to design considerations, getting the proportioning of new aggregate, new binder and RA right, tests to be conducted on RA samples, and the use of rejuvenators. Wynand Nortje closes off with advice on testing of the recycled asphalt mix. | Download |
| TRH 21 | Reclaiming, Processing and Stockpiling of RA | Greg Reynolds | Greg Reynolds details all the steps from milling and stockpiling to processing and optimal use of reclaimed asphalt. | Download |
| TRH 21 | Quality Control of Mixes Containing RA | __ | Ensure that the project mix materialises on site by sticking to some basic principles. This presentation enlarges on the basics such as quality control of mixes containing reclaimed asphalt (RA), consistency of RA fractions in the mix, aspects to consider at stockpiles, moisture content, and finally sampling, testing and acceptance control as for conventional asphalt mixes. | Download |
| TRH 21 | TRH 21 – Use of Reclaimed Asphalt in the Production of Asphalt | Greg Reynolds & Eben van Zyl | Reclaimed asphalt (RA) is the industry’s answer to environmental sustainability. Here you will gain an understanding of the use of RA from removal to stockpiling of unprocessed RA and avoiding moisture ingress, to crushing, screening and fractioning, stockpiling processed RA, and finally optimising its use. | Download |
| SABITA Manual 12 | SABITA Manual 12: Labour Absorptive Methods in Road Construction using Bituminous Materials | __ | This manual 12 is a consolidation of previous manuals published by Sabita within the ambit of labour absorptive or labour intensive practice in support of national programmes that address social and economic imperatives of the region. It covers areas of the use of bituminous products and associated techniques in both new construction and maintenance operations with the potential of employment creation, skills development and growth in the road sector. The purpose of this manual is to support initiatives such as the S’hamba Sonke Programme (SSP) aimed at social and economic development and asset preservation. SSP, a government intervention programme carried out under the auspices of the National Department of Transport has a key goal to address the developmental challenges of the poor and an increased focus on the cost efficient use of labour absorptive methodologies in road construction and maintenance. Whereas the EPWP and other programmes aimed at alleviating poverty and reducing unemployment amongst the poor and unskilled, the S’hamba Sonke programme goes further and focuses on labour optimisation on all projects without adversely affecting the cost and quality of the project. Labour optimisation will be applicable to all projects in the programme and no longer be limited to “labour intensive” projects. Labour will be a measurable and critical part of all projects. | Download |
| SABITA Manual 24 | A Practical Guide for the Application of the General Procedure for Designing Asphalt Mixes | Christi Botha | With the advent of the new Revision of COTO Standard Specifications For Road & Bridge Works For State Road Authorities, the onus for the submission of asphalt mix designs now lies with the contractor. A thorough and sound understanding of the principles and goals involved in the mix design procedure is required by all Client Bodies, Consulting Engineers, and now specifically, the Contracting fraternity. The goal is to avoid fruitless and wasteful interventions. | Download |
| HMA Troubleshooting Guide | The Hot Mix Asphalt Troubleshooting Guide | __ | In 2005, The Society for Asphalt Technology responded to requests from its members and the industry for a simple reference to identify and remedy common problems experienced with asphalt construction. The Hot-Mix Asphalt Troubleshooting Guide was based on the booklet Constructing Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements, A Troubleshooting Guide and Construction Reference, published by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (USA), and included additional information sourced from South African industry experts. In 2020, Sabita included much of the information from the Hot-Mix Asphalt Troubleshooting Guide in an appendix to the revision of Manual 5 - Guidelines for the manufacture and construction of asphalt. The Hot-Mix Asphalt Troubleshooting Guide provides valuable insight into: Problems encountered during paving and under traffic, Possible causes, grouped for simple identification, Suggested solutions in terms of best practice, and The probability of occurrence and impact on final product performance. The Guide remains as relevant as ever and will continue to add significant value well into the future in view of rising materials and construction costs. | Download |
